Rains damage Mohenjo Daro, Pakistan's 4,500-year-old archaeological site

In flood-stricken Pakistan, where an unprecedented monsoon season has killed hundreds of people, the rains now threaten a famed archaeological site dating back 4,500 years.

The ruins of Mohenjo Daro — located in southern Sindh province near the Indus River and a UNESCO World Heritage Site — are considered among the best preserved urban settlements in South Asia. They were discovered in 1922 and to this day, mystery surrounds the disappearance of its civilization, which coincided with those of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.

The flooding has not directly hit Mohenjo Daro but the record-breaking rains have inflicted damage on the ruins of the ancient city, Ahsan Abbasi, the site's curator, said on Tuesday.

The swelling waters of the Indus, a major river in this part of the world, have wreaked havoc as heavy rains and massive flooding unleashed devastation across much of Pakistan. At least 1,343 people have been killed and millions have lost their homes in the surging waters, with many experts blaming the unusually heavy monsoon rains on climate crisis.

"Several big walls, which were built nearly 5,000 years ago, have collapsed because of the monsoon rains," Abbasi told The Associated Press.

He said dozens of construction workers under the supervision of archaeologists have started the repair work. Abbasi did not give an estimated cost of the damages at Mohenjo Daro.

The site's landmark "Buddhist stupa" — a large hemispherical structure associated with worship, meditation and burial — remains intact, Abbasi said. But the downpour has damaged some outer walls and also some larger walls separating individual rooms or chambers.

Abbasi said the civilisation at Mohenjo Daro, also known as "Mound of the Dead" in the local Sindhi language, built an elaborate drainage system, which has been critical in flooding in the past.

READ MORE: Blaming melting glaciers for Pakistan floods is far-fetched: experts

Lake embankment breached

Though the floods have touched all of Pakistan, the Sindh province has been among the worst hit.

On Monday, army engineers made a second cut into an embankment at Lake Manchar, Pakistan's largest freshwater lake, to release rising waters in hopes of saving the nearby city of Sehwan from major flooding.

The water from the lake has already inundated dozens of nearby villages, forcing hundreds of families to leave their mudbrick homes in a hurry, many fleeing in panic.

Meanwhile, rescue operations continued on Tuesday with troops and volunteers using helicopters and boats to get those stranded out of the flooded areas and to the nearest relief camps. 

Tens of thousands of people are already living in such camps, and thousands more have taken shelter on roadsides on higher ground.

Ghulam Sabir, 52, from the outskirts of Sehwan, said that he left his home three days ago after authorities told them to evacuate.

"I took my family members with me and came to this ... safer place," said Sabir, staying by the roadside where he has set up camp. He echoed complaints of several other villagers — that no government help had reached them yet.

Sabir said he did not know whether his home had collapsed or not.

READ MORE: Pakistan's Manchar Lake breached to drain water threatening nearby towns

UN warning

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif urged Pakistanis in televised remarks to generously donate to flood victims, most of whom are relying on government help to survive. 

Sharif has also repeatedly asked the international community to send more aid to the flood victims. He insisted that Pakistan is facing a climate-crisis-induced tragedy.

UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said he is flying to Pakistan on Wednesday to express solidarity with its people and "to appeal for the massive support of the international community to the Pakistanis, in this hour of need after the devastating floods that we are witnessing." 

He said the floods are a result of climate change that is "supercharging the destruction of our planet," warning: "Today it is Pakistan. Tomorrow it can be anywhere else."

Multiple experts say that since 1959, Pakistan has emitted about 0.4 percent of heat-trapping carbon dioxide, compared to 21.5 percent by the United States and 16.4 percent by China. 

Last week, Guterres also called on the world to stop "sleepwalking" through the crisis.

READ MORE: UN begins large-scale relief operation for flood victims in Pakistan