Iraq parties in talks over new PM amid unrelenting protests

Iraq's rival parties were negotiating the contours of a new government on Monday after the previous cabinet was brought down by a two-month protest movement demanding deep-rooted change.

After just over a year in power, premier Adil Abdul Mahdi stepped down last week after the deadliest day in protests left more than 40 people dead, prompting an intervention by top Shia cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani.

The wave of violence has pushed the protest toll to over 420 dead – the vast majority of who were demonstrators.

Parliament on Sunday formally tasked President Barham Saleh with naming a new candidate, as prescribed by the constitution.

But Iraq's competing factions typically engage in drawn-out discussions and horsetrading before any official decisions are made.

Talks over a new premier began even before Abdel Mahdi's formal resignation, a senior political source and a government official said.

"The meetings are ongoing now," the political source added.

Such discussions produced Abdul Mahdi as a candidate in 2018, but agreeing on a single name is expected to be more difficult this time around.

"They understand it has to be a figure who is widely accepted by the diverse centres of power, not objected to by the marjaiyah (Shia religious establishment), and not hated by the street," said Harith Hasan, a fellow at the Carnegie Middle East Center. 

The candidate would also have to be acceptable to Iraq's two main allies, arch-rivals Washington and Tehran. 

"The Iranians invested a lot in the political equation in last few years and won't be willing to give up easily," said Hasan. 

'Bar is too high'

For the first time in Iraq's recent political history, factions have to take public anger into consideration in their talks over candidates.

Protesters hit the streets in early October in Iraq's capital and Shia-majority south to denounce a ruling system as corrupt, inept and under the sway of foreign powers.

Iraq is the 12th most corrupt country in the world, according to Transparency International.

Despite the oil wealth of OPEC's second-biggest crude producer, one in five people lives below the poverty line and youth unemployment stands at a quarter, the World Bank says.

Demonstrators say the problem is systemic, so instead of packing up their protest camps after Abdul Mahdi's resignation, they doubled down.

They insist they want "none of the same faces" that have dominated Iraq's political scene for years, a demand that has complicated the search for a new premier.

Two political heavyweights have already said they were not taking part in talks on a new PM: former premier Haider al Abadi and unpredictable cleric Muqtada Sadr, who had backed the previous government until protests erupted.

"They're aware the bar is too high and it's too difficult for them to please the street," said Hasan. 

But a totally new player is unlikely to be trusted by the established political class. 

"The discussions now are over someone from the second or third tier of politicians," the government source said.

"It's not possible to have someone new. It has to be someone who understands the political machine to push things along."

Many 'firsts' for Iraq

The government and political sources both said parties were considering a "transitional" cabinet that would oversee electoral reform before an early parliamentary vote. 

"This process will take no less than six months, in order to prepare for new elections according to a new electoral commission," the official said.

Abdul Mahdi, 77, is the first premier to step down since Iraq adopted a parliamentary system following the US-led invasion that toppled ex-dictator Saddam Hussein in 2003.

The factions that have accumulated power since then are struggling to "think outside the box" to find solutions to the current political crisis, Hasan said. 

"This is the main pressure on them – they realise they are dealing with a different situation and it needs completely different solutions," he told AFP.

Meanwhile, protesters have kept up rallies in Baghdad as well as further south in Diwaniyah, Hilla, Kut and the Shia shrine city of Najaf.

The latter was rocked by clashes late into the night on Sunday between protesters and armed men protecting a revered tomb of a Shia cleric. Protesters also torched Iran's consulate in Najaf for a second time.

Tribal fighters intervened to keep the peace, and a tense calm reigned over the city on Monday morning.

And in Nasiriyah, Abdul Mahdi's birthplace and the site of most of the deaths in recent days, protesters clung to their city centre protest sites.

Unsatisfied with the premier's resignation, they called on Monday for the "downfall of the regime."