The astronauts' physics lecture was open to the public through a livestream, and focused on how the weightless environment affects the movement of objects and optics.
Two crew members conduct first of the two spacewalks, working for seven hours outside of new Tiangong station in orbit around Earth.
China has prioritised space exploration in recent years, with the aim of becoming a major space power by 2030.
If the return journey is successful, China will be only the third country to have retrieved samples from the Moon, following the US and Soviet Union in the 1960s and 1970s.
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