Covid-19 outbreak at German slaughterhouse reveals migrant plight

Big white trailers with pictures of juicy roasts and the wholesome slogan “Straight from the farmer” sit idle on the edge of Coesfeld, their usual pork hauls disrupted by an outbreak of coronavirus at one of Germany’s biggest meat processing companies that has put the industry in the spotlight.

At least 260 workers at Westfleisch's slaughterhouse in northwestern Germany have tested positive for Covid-19 in recent days, causing alarm at a time when the country is trying to slowly relax the restrictions that were imposed to curb the pandemic.

As authorities scrambled to contain the growing outbreak over the weekend, it emerged that many of those infected were Eastern European migrants working for subcontractors who also provide them with accommodation and shuttle buses to work.

“If one person is infected then basically everybody else that sits on the bus or lives in the shared houses is infected," said Anne-Monika Spallek, a Green Party representative in Coesfeld who has campaigned against the meat industry’s practice of outsourcing much of its back-breaking work to migrants working under precarious conditions.

Among them is Iulian, a trained carpenter from Bacau in Romania’s poor northeast who previously worked for a German courier company but recently got a job at Westfleisch that promised several times what he would make back home.

The 48-year-old, who declined to give his last name fearing repercussions, said he was still having to pay his employer rent for the room he shares with a colleague, but doesn’t know if his employer will pay him for the time he isn't working. Poor housing conditions have been identified as a possible reason for coronavirus outbreaks at US meatpacking plants.

Standing behind a metal fence erected to stop workers from leaving their shared house about 15 minutes' drive from Coesfeld, Iulian and others inside were waiting Tuesday for the results of the Covid-19 tests they had taken four days earlier.

“Like a jail,” he said. “Like a lion in a cage.”

Authorities had stopped the men from going to a nearby supermarket but subsequently groceries had been delivered.

“Water, food, salami, it’s OK for now,” Iulian said. As for medical care, so far there is none. “If we do have problem, we call," he said hopefully.

Westfleisch declined a request for an interview.
But in a statement, the company said it was “deeply affected” by what had happened in recent days.

“We are fully aware of our responsibility,” Westfleisch said, adding it now requires workers at facilities that remain open to wear face masks on site, have their temperature taken at the gate and work in clearly separated small groups. 

The company said it is also trying to impress upon workers “the importance of hygiene and behaviour measures in the company and in private settings.”

The outbreak at Westfleisch has caused consternation in Berlin, where the country's agriculture minister accused “black sheep” in the industry of failing to follow the rules.

It began shortly before Germany's federal and state governments agreed to trigger an “emergency brake” on relaxing restrictions when the number of new infections passed 50 per 100,000 inhabitants in a week – a threshold that Coesfeld has far surpassed.

Lost earnings

Authorities in North Rhine-Westphalia, where Coesfeld is located, ordered all 20,000 workers in the meat industry to get tested for the new coronavirus and delayed the reopening of bars and restaurants in the region by another week.

“Overall, the population has reacted with great understanding to the corona-situation,” said Heinz Oehmann, the mayor of Coesfeld.

“Of course people are disappointed now that the further relaxation isn’t happening for the time being.”

Some enraged restaurant owners have threatened to sue for lost earnings, though it is unclear who they would take to court: Westfleisch, the subcontractors, the workers or regional officials now being accused of acting too slowly.

Olaf Klenke of the NGG union, which represents workers in the food industry, says the outbreak could be the right moment to clamp down on outsourcing in the meat industry.

“The corona-crisis simply reveals the situation that exists in this area,” he said. “We often talk about animal welfare in the industry, but what happens to the people who work there is at least as important.”

While the outbreak in Coesfeld has drawn the most attention, there have been smaller clusters of cases at slaughterhouses across the country in recent days. And though there's been no death yet among abattoir workers, a 57-year-old farm worker from Romania died of Covid-19 in Germany last month.

Klenk blamed a lack of public interest in the issue and price pressure from large supermarket chains for promoting cut-throat competition in the slaughterhouse business.

At a market stall in Coesfeld's town square, a pork cutlet from a pig butchered by hand costs $16.84 per kilogram. At a nearby supermarket, the same cut from an industrial slaughterhouse costs $3.57 per kilogram.

An invisible plight

Carrying a bundle of letters across the square to the post office, resident Brigitte Sieverding said she understood the disappointment businesses must feel about not being able to open yet, but expressed support for the delay.

“I hope next week we can have a bit more freedom,” the medical worker said.

Asked about the outbreak in the slaughterhouse, Sieverding said she hadn't been aware until now about the conditions for migrant workers.

“But somehow we suspected it. If you look at the way they are housed, it had to happen,” she said.

Spallek, the Green party politician, said the outbreak has prompted sympathy for the migrant workers among many Germans who had previously taken little notice of the problem.

“Everybody wants these miserable conditions to finally end,” she said.
“On the other hand the people are really mad at Westfleisch and at the county official for not closing (the factory) sooner.”

Spallek voiced fears that a number of workers might develop serious illnesses in the coming days.

“I’m convinced that we’ve yet to see the consequences, including in the hospitals,” she said.