Blood test might show early signs of Alzheimer’s disease

Researchers in Japan and Australia say they have made important progress in developing a blood test that could help doctors detect who might develop Alzheimer's disease in the future.

In a study published in the journal Nature, the scientists said the test—which can detect a toxic protein known as amyloid beta, linked to Alzheimer's—was more than 90 percent accurate in research involving around 370 people.

Dementia, of which Alzheimer’s is the most common form, affects nearly 50 million people worldwide, and is expected to affect more than 131 million by 2050, according to the non-profit campaign group Alzheimer’s Disease International.

Currently, doctors use brain scans or invasive cerebrospinal fluid testing, also known as a spinal tap, to try and see whether patients have a build up of amyloid beta in the brain. But these tests are invasive, expensive and may only show results when the disease has already started to progress.

Despite decades of scientific research, there is no treatment that can slow the progression of Alzheimer‘s. Current drugs can do no more than ease some of the symptoms.

Having a simple, low-cost blood test could make it easier for pharmaceutical companies to find enough people at risk of developing Alzheimer's, to test potential new drugs to fight the disease, said Katsuhiko Yanagisawa, who was part of the Nature study at the Japanese National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology.

Since Alzheimer's disease is thought to start developing years before patients have any symptoms of memory loss, experts say an important factor in finding an effective treatment will be the ability to accurately detect signs of the disease early.

"You have got to walk before you run. You have to learn to diagnose the disease directly before you can hope to see the effect of therapeutic intervention. And that's where the real value in this test will come," said Colin Masters, a professor at the University of Melbourne who was also part of the research team.

The study involved 252 Australian and 121 Japanese patients between the ages of 60 and 90.

Scientists not directly involved in the study said that it took an important step, but needs to be replicated.

"If (it) can be repeated in a larger number of people, this test will give us an insight into changes occurring in the brain that relate to Alzheimer’s disease," said Mark Dallas, a lecturer in Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience at Britain's University of Reading.

Abdul Hye at King’s College London's Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience said the test was still a long way from being able to be used in doctors' clinics.

"The approach of obtaining the results is still very complicated (and) in its current form, the methodology is not practical in a clinical setting," he said.

John Hardy, a professor of neuroscience at University College London, said it was a "hopeful study which could have a very positive impact on diagnostic accuracy."