Next five years will see hottest period ever - UN

It is near-certain that 2023-2027 will be the warmest five-year period ever recorded, the United Nations has warned, as greenhouse gases and El Nino combine to send temperatures soaring.

There was a 66 percent chance that annual global surface temperatures will exceed 1.5C above pre-industrial levels for at least one of the years 2023-2027, the UN's World Meteorological Organization said on Wednesday.

"There is a 98 percent likelihood that at least one of the next five years, and the five-year period as a whole, will be the warmest on record," the WMO said, with a range of 1.1C to 1.8C forecasted for each of those five years.

The hottest eight years ever recorded were all between 2015 and 2022, but temperatures are forecast to increase further as climate crisis accelerates.

While this does not mean that the world will permanently exceed the Paris benchmark, "WMO is sounding the alarm that we will breach the 1.5C level on a temporary basis with increasing frequency", said the agency's chief Petteri Taalas.

The 2015 Paris Agreement saw countries agree to cap global warming at "well below" two degrees Celsius above average levels measured between 1850 and 1900, and 1.5C if possible.

The global mean temperature in 2022 was 1.15C above the 1850-1900 average.

'Uncharted territory'

"A warming El Nino is expected to develop in the coming months and this will combine with human-induced climate change to push global temperatures into uncharted territory," WMO head Taalas warned.

"This will have far-reaching repercussions for health, food security, water management and the environment. We need to be prepared."

El Nino is the large-scale warming of surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. The weather phenomenon normally occurs every two to seven years.

The WMO said earlier this month that the chances of El Nino developing were 60 percent by the end of July and 80 percent by the end of September.

Typically, El Nino increases global temperatures in the year after it develops, which in this cycle would be 2024.

Despite the cooling influence of La Nina - the opposite of El Nino - over much of the past three years, the warmest eight years on record have all been from 2015 onwards, with 2016 the hottest.

Global land and sea mean near-surface temperatures have increased since the 1960s.

The chances of temperatures temporarily exceeding 1.5C above the 1850-1990 average have risen steadily since 2015, a year when they were considered close to zero.