Tensions as US states observe Columbus Day, Indigenous Peoples' Day

Christopher Columbus' arrival in Americas on October 12, 1492, began centuries of exploration and colonisation by European nations, bringing violence, disease, and other suffering to native people already living in the Western Hemisphere.

Members of Cetiliztli Nauhcampa perform traditional dances at the first Annual Indigenous Peoples' Day Ceremonial Celebration in Newton, Massachusetts on October 11, 2021.
AFP

Members of Cetiliztli Nauhcampa perform traditional dances at the first Annual Indigenous Peoples' Day Ceremonial Celebration in Newton, Massachusetts on October 11, 2021.

Monday's federal holiday dedicated to Christopher Columbus has once again highlighted the ongoing divide between those who view the explorer as a representative of Italian American history and others horrified by an annual tribute that ignores native people whose lives and culture were forever changed by colonialism.

Spurred by national calls for racial equity, communities across the US took a deeper look at Columbus' legacy in recent years — pairing or replacing it with Indigenous Peoples' Day.

On Friday, President Joe Biden issued the first presidential proclamation of "Indigenous Peoples' Day," the most significant boost yet to efforts to refocus the federal holiday celebrating Columbus.

But activists, including members of Native American tribes, said ending the formal holiday in Columbus' name has been stymied by politicians and organisations focusing on Italian American heritage.

"The opposition has tried to paint Columbus as a benevolent man, similar to how white supremacists have painted Robert E Lee," Les Begay, Dine Nation member and co-founder of the Indigenous Peoples' Day Coalition of Illinois, said, referring to the Civil War general who led the Confederate Army.

Columbus' arrival began centuries of exploration and colonisation by European nations, bringing violence, disease, and other suffering to native people already living in the Western Hemisphere.

"Not honoring Indigenous peoples on this day just continues to erase our history, our contributions, and the fact that we were the first inhabitants of this country," Begay said.

AP

People pray marking the Columbus Day holiday near an encased statue of Christopher Columbus at Marconi Plaza in Philadelphia, Monday, Oct. 11, 2021. A state court ruling will allow a plywood box to remain for the moment over the statue that the city has been trying to remove from a south Philadelphia park.

Tensions since 1990s

Across the country, tension over the two holidays has been playing out since the early 1990s. 

Debates over monuments and statues of Columbus tread similar ground, as in Philadelphia where the city placed a box over a Columbus statue last year in the wake of the murder of George Floyd, a Black man, by a white Minneapolis police officer.

Protesters opposing racial injustice and police brutality against people of colour rallied for months in summer 2020.

Philadelphia lawyer George Bochetto, who has been fighting Democratic Mayor Jim Kenney's administration to uncover the statue, said on Saturday many felt efforts to remove it was an attack on Italian-American heritage.

Kenney previously signed an executive order changing the city's annual Columbus Day holiday to Indigenous Peoples' Day. Monday will be the first city holiday under the new name.

"We have a mayor that's doing everything he can to attack the Italian American community, including canceling its parade, removing statues, changing the Columbus Day holiday to Indigenous Peoples' Day by fiat," Bochetto said.

Kenney spokesperson Kevin Lessard said the statue should remain boxed up "in the best interest and public safety of all Philadelphians."

In 2016, Lincoln, Nebraska, joined other cities adding Indigenous Peoples' Day to the calendar on the same date as Columbus Day. 

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Protesting 'until Columbus Day is abolished'

Events on Monday will focus on the newer addition, including unveiling a statue honoring the first Native American physician, Dr. Susan La Flesche Picotte.

Some feel a split day causes further harm. 

Activists plan a small protest outside the Robert V. Denney Federal Building, calling for an outright end to the holiday in Columbus' name at all levels of government.

"It's patently absurd to honour Indigenous people and the man who tortured and murdered their ancestors," said Jackson Meredith, an organiser. 

"As far as we’re concerned, we’re going to keep protesting it until Columbus Day is abolished."

In New York City, the annual Columbus Day Parade returns after a one-year, in-person absence attributed to the coronavirus pandemic. 

The parade is touted by some as the world's largest Columbus Day celebration.

In May, Italian American activists complained after the Board of Education erased Christopher Columbus Day from the New York City school calendar, replacing it with "Indigenous Peoples' Day."

Following the outcry, the schools changed the designation to "Italian Heritage Day/Indigenous Peoples' Day."

Mayor Bill de Blasio said he supported the compromise.

"We have to honour that day as a day to recognise the contributions of all Italian Americans, so of course the day should not have been changed arbitrarily," de Blasio said.

READ MORE: Roosevelt, Lincoln statues knocked down in protests against Columbus Day

'Why are 500 plus years still forgotten?'

Chicago's annual Columbus Day parade also returns on Monday after the pandemic forced 2020's cancellation of the event that draws 20,000 people. 

It's a vivid reminder of the ongoing fight over three statues of Columbus, still warehoused by the city after protesters targeted them in summer 2020.

Mayor Lori Lightfoot in July 2020 ordered the statues removed and said demonstrations were endangering protesters and police.

She later created a committee to review monuments in the city, including the fate of Columbus monuments. 

No plans have been announced publicly, but the Joint Civic Committee of Italian Americans that plan the Columbus Day parade this summer sued the city’s park district, demanding that one be restored.

Ron Onesti, the organisation’s president, said the parade usually draws protesters and expects that on Monday too. He sees the holiday, parade, and statues as a celebration of Italian Americans' contributions to the US, not just Columbus.

"The outcome I'm looking for is (for) our traditions to be respected and conversations to continue," Onesti said on Saturday. 

"Every plaque that goes along with a statue says it recognises the Italian community’s contributions. So people need to understand that’s why it’s there, and then let’s sit down and figure out where to go from here."

Illinois in 2017 designated the last Monday in September as Indigenous Peoples' Day but kept Columbus Day on the second Monday of October. 

A proposal to replace Columbus Day filed this year hasn't received any action.

Chicago Public Schools in 2020 voted to replace Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples' Day, provoking outrage from several alderman and Italian American groups. The city’s holiday calendar still lists Columbus Day.

Begay, the Indigenous Peoples' Day advocate, said the organization decided to focus on changing Columbus Day first in Cook County, hoping it would be an easier path than convincing state or Chicago officials. But so far, members of the county's board haven’t lined up behind the proposal.

"Why are 500 plus years still forgotten?" Begay said. 

"Why don't we have this single day to recognise these horrible atrocities committed against native people?"

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