World Heritage List set to expand at Istanbul meeting

Ancient cave art, the site of 560-million year fossils and the 'City of 1001 Churches' will be among 29 sites up for selection as UNESCO's World Heritage Committee meets in Turkey this weekend.

The 11-day meeting in Istanbul, UNESCO's 40th, will kick off on Sunday with sites in war-ravaged Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan on top of the agenda as the committee reviews candidates to join the prestigious World Heritage List.

The work of three modern architects from France, Brazil and the US will also be considered as the 'threat of urbanisation' grows, says UNESCO's director general Irina Bokova.

According to Bokova, the situation in Syria's ancient city of Palmyra and the citadel of Aleppo and the dangers posed to heritage by climate change has raised alarms and UNESCO's list now carries 'great political importance.'

"What happened in Syria and Iraq as well as in Mali and Afghanistan were so shocking that the process of preparing UNESCO's lists has become of great political importance," AFP quoted the UN body's director general Irina Bokova as saying.

Earlier this year DAESH blew up the ancient Nabu temple in Iraq. In 2012 a Malian jihadist blew up nine mausoleums and part of Timbuktu's famous Sidi Yahia mosque. In Afghanistan, meanwhile, the Taliban destroyed the giant Bamiyan Buddhas in 2001.

Interest in threats to heritage has "grown tremendously in recent years because of these conflicts" but also new threats linked to climate change or urbanisation, she said.

"Globalisation and connectivity have also seen the rise of a new spirit, a wish to present oneself to the world through one's culture," Bukova said.

Three modern architects

This year 29 dossiers are being considered by the World Heritage Committee, made up of 21 countries serving six-year terms.

A dossier for the work of architect Le Corbusier, after failed attempts in 2009 and 2011, has been revamped and comes with high marks from a committee of experts who evaluate the submissions.

It lists 17 sites across seven countries -- France, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, Argentina, Japan and India -- to show the global reach of the work of Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris, known as Le Corbusier.

The creations show the contributions of Le Corbusier to the Modern Movement that emerged after World War I with an emphasis on functionality, bold lines and new materials such as concrete, iron and glass.

Another architect in the same movement is also under consideration for a World Heritage nod, Brazilian Oscar Niemeyer, who laid out the country's capital Brasilia.

Brazil's dossier wants Niemeyer's modern ensemble of Pampulha, a leisure centre built in 1940 around an artificial lake at Belo Horizonte, to be inscribed on the prestigious list.

In the same vein, the United States is promoting the works of architect Frank Lloyd Wright, but the experts' assessment was not encouraging.

Diplomatic frictions

Other dossiers reach far back in time, one to Canada's Mistaken Point reserve with its 560 million-year-old fossils.

Cave art dating from the 5th century BC in Zuojiang Huashan in China, the dolmens of Antequera in Spain and Gibraltar's Neanderthal grottoes (caves) are also in contention.

Among natural sites under consideration are Iran's Loot Desert and the Revillagigedo archipelago in Mexico.

The World Heritage process has often caused diplomatic friction, and this year is no exception.

Thailand has proposed its Kaeng Krachan forests for listing as a cultural site, angering neighbouring Myanmar, which fired off a letter to UNESCO stating that 34 percent of the site is in its territory. For its part Britain annoyed Spain by proposing the Gibraltar grottoes.

The World Heritage List today has 1,031 sites in more than 163 countries.

Apart from the prestige it accords, it can be a boost to tourism as well as a means for poorer countries to receive financial aid to preserve their sites.

The Heritage Committee will also review the status of 48 sites currently listed as "in danger".

Seven more sites have been proposed to be added to this list, including the Kathmandu valley, which suffered a devastating earthquake last year.